Consumption of Dairy Products and the Risk of Overweight or Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

作者：Yifei Feng, Yang Zhao, Jiong Liu, Zelin Huang, Xingjin Yang, Pei Cheng Qin, Chuanqi Chen, Xinping Luo, Yang Li, Yuying Wu, Xi Li, Hao Huang, Fulan Hu, Dongsheng Hu, Yu Liu, Ming Zhang · 发表于：Advances in Nutrition · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1093/advances/nmac096 · 被引用次数：116 · 研究领域：Nutritional Studies and Diet、Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling、Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease

Dairy products have been suggested to be related to the prevention of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These associations are currently controversial, however, and a systematic quantitative meta-analysis is lacking. In this study, we examined the associations between dairy products and the risk of overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM and tested for dose-response relations. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to April 2021. Cohort studies were included if dairy food consumption was reported at a minimum of 3 levels or as continuous variables, and the associations were assessed with overweight or obesity, hypertension, and T2DM. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were estimated for the dose-response association. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the linear or nonlinear relations. Among the 9887 articles retrieved, 42 articles were included. For overweight or obesity, a linear association was observed for total dairy, milk, and yogurt. The risk decreased by 25%, 7%, and 12% per 200-g/d increase for total dairy, high-fat dairy, and milk, respectively, and by 13% per 50-g/d increment of yogurt. For hypertension, a nonlinear association was observed with total dairy, whereas significant inverse associations were found for low-fat dairy (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) and milk (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.97) per 200-g/d intake increase. For T2DM, all types of dairy food consumption except for milk and lo...