Staphylococcus, Micrococcus , and Other Catalase-Positive Cocci

作者：Karsten Becker, Christof von Eiff · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1128/9781555816728.ch19 · 被引用次数：33 · 研究领域：Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus、Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing、Streptococcal Infections and Treatments

Historically, the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus were placed together with the genera Stomatococcus and Planococcus in the family Micrococcaceae containing grampositive, catalase-positive cocci. An unrelated species of gram-positive cocci exhibiting positive catalase reaction and occurring in human specimens is Alloiococcus otitis , the only species of this genus, which is a member of the Carnobacteriaceae family belonging to the order Lactobacillales . In this chapter, the term "micrococci" is used to indicate the members of the genus Micrococcus as understood before the emendation, reflecting most of the clinically relevant species. The Macrococcus genus comprises four hoofed-animal-adapted species including M. caseolyticus , first described as S. caseolyticus . Staphylococcus species can be identified phenotypically on the basis of a variety of conventional characteristics. The diagnosis of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is based on clinical signs supplemented by serologic tests and the detection of the toxin production by staphylococcal isolates ( S. aureus , rarely other species). Detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) represents the most important task in determining the antimicrobial susceptibilities of staphylococci. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are an important cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections, but they are also the most common contaminants of blood cultures. The consi...