Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): Non-genetic tumor heterogeneity and immune microenvironment: Emerging treatment options

作者：Jae Young So, Joyce Ellen Ohm, Stan Lipkowitz, Yang Li · 发表于：Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108253 · 被引用次数：269 · 研究领域：Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics、Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by extensive intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and frequently develops resistance to therapies. Tumor heterogeneity and lack of biomarkers are thought to be some of the most difficult challenges driving therapeutic resistance and relapse. This review will summarize current therapy for TNBC, studies in treatment resistance and relapse, including data from recent single cell sequencing. We will discuss changes in both the transcriptome and epigenome of TNBC, and we will review mechanisms regulating the immune microenvironment. Lastly, we will provide new perspective in patient stratification, and treatment options targeting transcriptome dysregulation and the immune microenvironment of TNBC patients.