CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing—Can It Become a Game Changer in Future Fisheries Sector?

作者：Suvra Roy, Vikash Kumar, Bijay Kumar Behera, Janmejay Parhi, Sipra Mohapatra, Tapas Chakraborty, Basanta Kumar Das · 发表于：Frontiers in Marine Science · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.3389/fmars.2022.924475 · 被引用次数：47 · 研究领域：CRISPR and Genetic Engineering、Aquaculture disease management and microbiota、Animal Genetics and Reproduction

Fisheries and aquaculture are the fastest-growing food-producing sector and rapidly becoming an important element for the global food security since they are the primary source of seafood and high animal protein in the human diet. Genome editing offers new possibilities such as the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) technology, which has the potential to accelerate the sustainable genetic improvement in fisheries and aquaculture. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has four key components, namely, target DNA, Cas9, the protospacer adjacent motif sequence, and the guide RNA or single-guide RNA. CRISPR/Cas is cheaper, easier, and more precise than the other genome editing technologies and can be used as a new breeding technology in fisheries and aquaculture to solve the far-reaching challenges. The attributes like high fecundity, external fertilization, short generation interval, the established method of breeding, and the larval rearing of most aquaculture species have advantages for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing applications. CRISPR/Cas9 has recently been applied to the traits valued in some aquaculture species (almost >20 species), targeting the main traits of traditional genetic improvement initiatives like growth, disease resistance, reproduction, sterility, and pigmentation. Genome editing can fast forward the breeding process with precision where changes occur in the targeted genes. The probability of desired changes occu...