The microbiome and gut homeostasis

作者：Jee‐Yon Lee, Renée M. Tsolis, Andreas J. Bäumler · 发表于：Science · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1126/science.abp9960 · 被引用次数：424 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Diet and metabolism studies、Gastrointestinal motility and disorders

Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with many human diseases. So far, however, we have failed to define homeostasis or dysbiosis by the presence or absence of specific microbial species. The composition and function of the adult gut microbiota is governed by diet and host factors that regulate and direct microbial growth. The host delivers oxygen and nitrate to the lumen of the small intestine, which selects for bacteria that use respiration for energy production. In the colon, by contrast, the host limits the availability of oxygen and nitrate, which results in a bacterial community that specializes in fermentation for growth. Although diet influences microbiota composition, a poor diet weakens host control mechanisms that regulate the microbiota. Hence, quantifying host parameters that control microbial growth could help define homeostasis or dysbiosis and could offer alternative strategies to remediate dysbiosis.