The Pathophysiology of Sepsis-Associated AKI

作者：Shuhei Kuwabara, Eibhlin S. Goggins, Mark Douglas Okusa · 发表于：Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.2215/cjn.00850122 · 被引用次数：226 · 研究领域：Acute Kidney Injury Research、Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide、Inflammasome and immune disorders

Sepsis-associated AKI is a life-threatening complication that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients who are critically ill. Although it is clear early supportive interventions in sepsis reduce mortality, it is less clear that they prevent or ameliorate sepsis-associated AKI. This is likely because specific mechanisms underlying AKI attributable to sepsis are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms will form the foundation for the development of strategies for early diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-associated AKI. Here, we summarize recent laboratory and clinical studies, focusing on critical factors in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI: microcirculatory dysfunction, inflammation, NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, autophagy and efferocytosis, inflammatory reflex pathway, vitamin D, and metabolic reprogramming. Lastly, identifying these molecular targets and defining clinical subphenotypes will permit precision approaches in the prevention and treatment of sepsis-associated AKI.