Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalised children in Indonesia: a multicentre, prospective study

作者：Dewi Lokida, Helmia Farida, Rina Triasih, Yan Mardian, Herman Kosasih, Adhella Menur Naysilla, Arif Budiman, Chakrawati Hayuningsih, Moh Syarofil Anam, Dwi Wastoro, Mujahidah Mujahidah, Setya Dipayana, Amalia Setyati, Abu Tholib Aman, Nurhayati Lukman, Muhammad Karyana, Ahnika Kline, Aaron Neal, Chuen‐Yen Lau, Clifford Lane · 发表于：BMJ Open · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057957 · 被引用次数：22 · 研究领域：Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections、Respiratory viral infections research、Pediatric health and respiratory diseases

Objective To identify aetiologies of childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) based on a comprehensive diagnostic approach. Design ‘Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research-Pneumonia in Paediatrics (PEER-PePPeS)’ study was an observational prospective cohort study conducted from July 2017 to September 2019. Setting Government referral teaching hospitals and satellite sites in three cities in Indonesia: Semarang, Yogyakarta and Tangerang. Participants Hospitalised children aged 2–59 months who met the criteria for pneumonia were eligible. Children were excluded if they had been hospitalised for >24 hours; had malignancy or history of malignancy; a history of long-term (>2 months) steroid therapy, or conditions that might interfere with compliance with study procedures. Main outcome(s) measure(s) Causative bacterial, viral or mixed pathogen(s) for pneumonia were determined using microbiological, molecular and serological tests from routinely collected specimens (blood, sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs). We applied a previously published algorithm (PEER-PePPeS rules) to determine the causative pathogen(s). Results 188 subjects were enrolled. Based on our algorithm, 48 (25.5%) had a bacterial infection, 31 (16.5%) had a viral infection, 76 (40.4%) had mixed bacterial and viral infections, and 33 (17.6%) were unable to be classified. The five most common causative pathogens identified were Haemophilus influenzae non-type B (N=73, 38.8%), respiratory syncytial viru...