Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae)

作者：Min Li, 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730020, 中国, Wenting Chen, Qi‐Lin Zhang, Min Liu, Cheng-Wei Xing, Ya Cao, Fangzhen Luo, Ming‐Long Yuan, 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 甘肃 兰州 730020, 中国, 兰州大学国家级草业科学实验教学中心, 甘肃 兰州 730020中国, 昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 云南 昆明 650500中国, 兰州大学第二临床医学院, 甘肃 兰州 730030 中国 · 发表于：动物学研究 · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.418 · 被引用次数：33 · 研究领域：Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies、Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies、Genetic diversity and population structure

Spiders are among the most varied terrestrial predators, with highly diverse morphology, ecology, and behavior. Morphological and molecular data have greatly contributed to advances in the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of spiders. Here, we performed comprehensive mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis on 78 mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) representing 29 families; of these, 23 species from eight families were newly generated. Mesothelae retained the same gene arrangement as the arthropod ancestor ( Limulus polyphemus ), while Opisthothelae showed extensive rearrangement, with 12 rearrangement types in transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and control region. Most spider tRNAs were extremely truncated and lacked typical dihydrouridine or TΨC arms, showing high tRNA structural diversity; in particular, trnS1 exhibited anticodon diversity across the phylogeny. The evolutionary rates of mitochondrial genes were potentially associated with gene rearrangement or truncated tRNAs. Both mitogenomic sequences and rearrangements possessed phylogenetic characteristics, providing a robust backbone for spider phylogeny, as previously reported. The monophyly of suborder, infraorder, retrolateral tibial apophysis clade, and families (except for Pisauridae) was separately supported, and high-level relationships were resolved as (Mesothelae, (Mygalomorphae, (Entelegynae, (Synspermiata, Hypochilidae)))). The phylogenetic positions of several families were also resolved (e.g., Eresidae, Oecobiidae and...