Recent Advances in Bipedal Walking Robots: Review of Gait, Drive, Sensors and Control Systems

作者：Tadeusz Mikołajczyk, Emilia Mikołajewska, Hayder F. N. Al-Shuka, Tomasz Malinowski, Adam Kłodowski, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, Tomasz Paczkowski, Fuwen Hu, Khaled Giasin, Dariusz Mikołajewski, Marek Macko · 发表于：Sensors · 年份：2022 · 被引用次数：113 · 研究领域：Robotic Locomotion and Control、Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics、Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence

Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during evolution. Modernbipedal robots are also based on the locomotion manners of birds. This review presents the current state of the art of bipedal walking robots based on natural bipedal movements (human and bird) as well as on innovative synthetic solutions. Firstly, an overview of the scientific analysis of human gait is provided as a basis for the design of bipedal robots. The full human gait cycle that consists of two main phases is analysed and the attention is paid to the problem of balance and stability, especially in the single support phase when the bipedal movement is unstable. The influences of passive or active gait on energy demand are also discussed. Most studies are explored based on the zero moment. Furthermore, a review of the knowledge on the specific locomotor characteristics of birds, whose kinematics are derived from dinosaurs and provide them with both walking and running abilities, is presented. Secondly, many types of bipedal robot solutions are reviewed, which include nature-inspired robots (human-like and birdlike robots) and innovative robots using new heuristic, synthetic ideas for locomotion. Totally 45 robotic solutions are gathered by thebibliographic search method. Atlas was mentioned as one of the most perfect human-like robots, while the birdlike robot cases were Cassie and...