Significant increase in azithromycin “resistance” and susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in 26 European countries, 2019

作者：Michaela Day, Susanne Jacobsson, Gianfranco Spiteri, Carina Kulishev, Noshin Sajedi, Neil Woodford, Benjamin Blümel, Marieke J. van der Werf, Andrew J. Amato‐Gauci, Magnus Unemo, Michelle Cole, The Euro-GASP network, Claudia Eder, Sonja Pleininger, Steliana Huhlescu, Irith De Baetselier, Blaženka Hunjak, Tatjana Nemeth Blažić, Panagiota Maikanti-Charalampous, Despo Pieridou, Hana Zákoucká, Helena Žemličková, Steen Hoffmann, Susan Cowan, Rita Peetso, Jelena Viktorova, Ndeindo Ndeikoundam, Béatrice Berçot, Anu Patari Sampo, Vesa Kirjavainen, Susanne Buder, Klaus Jansen, Vivì Miriagou, Eszter Balla, Mária Dudás, Guðrún Sigmundsdóttir, Lena Rós Ásmundsdóttir, Sinéad Saab, Brendan Crowley, Anna Carannante, Paola Stefanelli, Gatis Pakarna, Violeta Mavcutko, Robert Cassar, Christopher Barbara, Francesca Vella, Alje P. van Dam, Ineke Linde, Dominique Caugant, Hilde Kløvstad, Beata Młynarczyk-Bonikowska, Maria José Borrego, Peter Pavlik, Irena Klavs, Tanja Kustec, Julio A. Vázquez, Asunción Díaz, Raquel Abad Torreblanca, Inga Veličko, Magnus Unemo, Helen Fifer, Kate Templeton · 发表于：BMC Infectious Diseases · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1186/s12879-022-07509-w · 被引用次数：40 · 研究领域：Reproductive tract infections research、Bacterial Infections and Vaccines、Neonatal and Maternal Infections

BACKGROUND: The European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (Euro-GASP) performs annual sentinel surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to therapeutically relevant antimicrobials across the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). We present the Euro-GASP results from 2019 (26 countries), linked to patient epidemiological data, and compared with data from previous years. METHODS: Agar dilution and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) gradient strip methodologies were used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility (using EUCAST clinical breakpoints, where available) of 3239 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from 26 countries across the EU/EEA. Significance of differences compared with Euro-GASP results in previous years was analysed using Z-test and the Pearson's χ2 test was used to assess significance of odds ratios for associations between patient epidemiological data and antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS: European N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected between 2016 and 2019 displayed shifting MIC distributions for; ceftriaxone, with highly susceptible isolates increasing over time and occasional resistant isolates each year; cefixime, with highly-susceptible isolates becoming increasingly common; azithromycin, with a shift away from lower MICs towards higher MICs above the EUCAST epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF); and ciprofloxacin which is displaying a similar shift in MICs as observed for azithromycin. In 2019, two isolates displayed ceftriaxone res...