Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

作者：Annie Haakenstad, Caleb Mackay Salpeter Irvine, Megan Knight, Corinne Bintz, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Peng Zheng, Vin Gupta, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Oladimeji Adebayo, Gina Agarwal, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Turki M Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde‐Rabanal, Vahid Alipour, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Jalal Arabloo, Olatunde Aremu, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Maciej Banach, Till Bärnighausen, Celine M Barthelemy, Mohsen Bayati, Habib Benzian, Adam E. Berman, Kelly Bienhoff, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Antonio Biondi, Archith Boloor, Reinhard Busse, Zahid A Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Rosario Cárdenas, Félix Carvalho, Collins Chansa, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, William James Dangel, Ahmad Daryani, Jan‐Walter De Neve, Meghnath Dhimal, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Hoa Do, Chirag Doshi, Leila Doshmangir, Elham Ehsani‐Chimeh, Maha El Tantawi, Eduarda Fernandes, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Nancy Fullman, Mohamed Gad, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Thomas Glucksman, Houman Goudarzi, Rajat Das Gupta, Randah R Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Josep María Haro, Edris Hasanpoor, Simon I Hay, Mohamed Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Nathaniel J Henry, Michael K. Hole, Naznin Hossain, Mowafa Househ, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Ankur Joshi, Rohollah Kalhor, Gbenga A Kayode, Nauman Khalid, Khaled Khatab, Adnan Kısa, Sonali Kochhar, Kewal Krishan, Barthélémy Kuate Defo, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Faris Lami, Anders Larsson, Janet L Leasher, Kate E LeGrand, Lee‐Ling Lim, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Afshin Maleki, Narayana Manjunatha, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Tomislav Meštrović, GK Mini, Andreea Mirică, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Yousef Mohammad, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Shane D. Morrison, Mohsen Naghavi, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Ionuţ Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Obinna Onwujekwe, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa Owolabi, Abhijit Pakhare, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Norberto Perico, Hai Quang Pham, David M. Pigott, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Giuseppe Remuzzi, André M. N. Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Jennifer Rickard, Leonardo Roever, Maitreyi Sahu, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Soraya Seedat, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Edson Serván‐Mori, Masood Ali Shaikh, Aziz Sheikh, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Caroline Stein, Dan J. Stein, М. В. Титова, Stephanie M. Topp, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Saif Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Marco Vacante, Pascual Valdéz, Tommi Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Vasily Vlassov, Theo Vos, Jamal A Yearwood, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Sojib Bin Zaman, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Sanjay Zodpey, Stephen S Lim, Christopher J L Murray, Rafael Lozano · 发表于：The Lancet · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00532-3 · 被引用次数：445 · 研究领域：Global Health Workforce Issues、Global Maternal and Child Health、Global Health and Surgery

BACKGROUND: Human resources for health (HRH) include a range of occupations that aim to promote or improve human health. The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the WHO Health Workforce 2030 strategy have drawn attention to the importance of HRH for achieving policy priorities such as universal health coverage (UHC). Although previous research has found substantial global disparities in HRH, the absence of comparable cross-national estimates of existing workforces has hindered efforts to quantify workforce requirements to meet health system goals. We aimed to use comparable and standardised data sources to estimate HRH densities globally, and to examine the relationship between a subset of HRH cadres and UHC effective coverage performance. METHODS: Through the International Labour Organization and Global Health Data Exchange databases, we identified 1404 country-years of data from labour force surveys and 69 country-years of census data, with detailed microdata on health-related employment. From the WHO National Health Workforce Accounts, we identified 2950 country-years of data. We mapped data from all occupational coding systems to the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (ISCO-88), allowing for standardised estimation of densities for 16 categories of health workers across the full time series. Using data from 1990 to 2019 for 196 of 204 countries and territories, covering seven Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) ...