Heavy metal and nutrient concentrations in top- and sub-soils of greenhouses and arable fields in East China – Effects of cultivation years, management, and shelter

作者：Li Wan, Haofeng Lv, Waqas Qasim, Longlong Xia, Zhisheng Yao, Jing Hu, Yiming Zhao, Xiaodong Ding, Xunhua Zheng, Guoyuan Li, Shan Lin, Klaus Butterbach‐Bahl · 发表于：Environmental Pollution · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119494 · 被引用次数：34 · 研究领域：Heavy metals in environment、Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science

Although greenhouse vegetable production in China is rapidly changing, consumers are concerned about food quality and safety. Studies have shown that greenhouse soils are highly eutrophicated and potentially contaminated by heavy metals. However, to date, no regional study has assessed whether greenhouse soils differ significantly in their heavy metal and nutrient loads compared to adjacent arable land. Our study was conducted in Shouguang County, a key region of greenhouse vegetable production in China. Soil samples down to soil depths of 3 m were taken from 60 greenhouse vegetable fields of three different ages (5, 10, and 20 years) and from 20 adjacent arable fields to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals, nutrients, and soil physio-chemical parameters. A comparison of greenhouse soils with adjacent arable fields revealed that for greenhouses, (a) micro (heavy metals: Cu, Zn, and Mn) and macronutrients (Nmin, Olsen-P, available K) were significantly higher by a factor of about five, (b) N:P:K ratios were significantly imbalanced towards P and K, and (c) topsoil (0–30 cm) concentrations of the above-mentioned micro- and macronutrients increased with years of vegetable cultivation. In contrast, the soil concentrations of the heavy metals Cr and Pb were lower in greenhouse soils. Heavy metal concentrations did not vary significantly with soil depth, except for the micronutrients Cu and Zn, which were between 1- and 3-fold higher in the topsoil (0–30 cm) than in the subs...