Hypoxia Stress Induces Tissue Damage, Immune Defense, and Oxygen Transport Change in Gill of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Evaluation on Hypoxia by Using Transcriptomics

作者：Xiaohui Li, Chen Ling, Qiaoxin Wang, Feng Cui, Xiangzhong Luo, Hang Sha, He Guoyu, Guiwei Zou, Hongwei Liang · 发表于：Frontiers in Marine Science · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.3389/fmars.2022.900200 · 被引用次数：38 · 研究领域：Physiological and biochemical adaptations、Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism、Aquaculture disease management and microbiota

The silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) is an economically, as well as environmentally, important fish that harbors low environmental hypoxia tolerance and frequently contributes to a loss of aquaculture productivity. The gill is the first tissue attacked by hypoxia; however, the response of the gills of H. molitrix to hypoxia stress at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels has not been clearly established. The influence of hypoxia on histological features along with gene expression in silver carp gills were explored in this research. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and electron microscopy examinations of gills indicated that the gill lamellae were seriously twisted, gill filaments were dehisced, and the swelling and shedding of epithelial cell layer in the gill tissue were intensified along with the degree of hypoxia. In the hypoxia, semi-asphyxia, and asphyxia groups, the gill transcriptomic assessment of shifts in key genes, as well as modulatory networks in response to hypoxic conditions revealed 587, 725, and 748 differentially expressed genes, respectively. These genes are abundant in immune response signaling cascades (e.g., complement and coagulation cascades, Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling cascade, and differentiation of Th1 along with Th2 cells) and oxygen transport [e.g., MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling cascades]. Genes linked to immune response (e.g., c2 , c3 , c6...