IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete

作者：Ronald John Maughan, Louise M. Burke, Jiří Dvořák, D. Enette Larson‐Meyer, Peter Peeling, Stuart M. Phillips, Eric S. Rawson, Neil P. Walsh, Ina Garthe, Hans Geyer, ROMAIN R. MEEUSEN, Luc J. C. van Loon, Susan M. Shirreffs, Lawrence L. Spriet, Mark Campbell Stuart, Alan R. Vernec, Kevin Currell, Vidya M. Ali, Richard Budgett, Arne Ljungqvist, Margo Lynn Mountjoy, Yannis Paul Pitsiladis, Torbjørn Soligard, Uğur Erdener, Lars Fredrik Engebretsen · 发表于：International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · 年份：2018 · DOI：10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0020 · 被引用次数：537 · 研究领域：Muscle metabolism and nutrition、Sports Performance and Training、Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment

Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition program. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including the management of micronutrient deficiencies, supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and provision of direct benefits to performance or indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can offer benefits to the athlete, but others may be harmful to the athlete’s health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation if an anti-doping rule violation results. A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome, and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialed in training or simulated competition before implementation in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the ant...