Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing

作者：Barry D. Jordan · 发表于：JAMA · 年份：1997 · DOI：10.1001/jama.278.2.136 · 被引用次数：625 · 研究领域：S100 Proteins and Annexins、Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health、Alzheimer's disease research and treatments

CONTEXT: Given the similarities between Alzheimer disease and dementia pugilistica, we evaluated the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI) in boxers to determine whether there is a genetic susceptibility to the effects of head trauma. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between CTBI and APOE genotype in boxers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Clinical characterization of 24 volunteer and 6 referred boxers in an outpatient setting. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty professional boxers aged 23 to 76 years underwent neurologic and behavioral assessment in conjunction with APOE genotyping. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Apolipoprotein E genotype was examined in relationship to measures of CTBI. A 10-point clinical rating scale (0-9), the Chronic Brain Injury (CBI) scale, was devised to assess the severity of traumatic encephalopathy associated with boxing. Boxers with abnormal CTBI scores were further classified on the basis of whether their impairments were possibly or probably related to boxing. Scores were analyzed in relation to boxing exposure (number of bouts) and APOE genotype. RESULTS: Among the 30 boxers, 11 were found to be normal (CBI score=0), 12 showed mild deficits (CBI score=1-2), 4 were moderately impaired (CBI score=3-4), and 3 showed signs of severe impairment (CBI score > 4). High-exposure boxers (ie, those with > or = 12 professional bouts) had significantly higher CBI scores (mean [SD], 2.6 [1.9]) than low-exposure boxers (mean [SD]...