Dissociating executive function and ADHD influences on reading ability in children with dyslexia

作者：Noor Z. Al Dahhan, Kelly Halverson, Carrie P. Peek, Dayna Wilmot, Anila M. D’Mello, Rachel Romeo, Olivia Meegoda, Andrea Imhof, Karolina Wade, Anissa Sridhar, Eric Falke, Tracy M. Centanni, John D. E. Gabrieli, Joanna A. Christodoulou · 发表于：Cortex · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1016/j.cortex.2022.03.025 · 被引用次数：31 · 研究领域：Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder、Reading and Literacy Development、EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces

Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among school-age children. These disorders frequently co-occur, with up to 40-50% of children with one diagnosis meeting criteria for the other, and similar percentages of children with either DD or ADHD exhibiting impaired executive functions (EF). Although both ADHD and EF deficits are common in dyslexia, there is little evidence about how ADHD and EF deficits specifically influence the brain basis of reading difficulty in dyslexia, and whether the influences of ADHD and EF on dyslexia can be disentangled. The goal of the current study was to investigate, at both behavioral and brain levels, whether reading performance in individuals with dyslexia is more strongly associated with EF or with diagnostic status of comorbid ADHD. We examined reading abilities and EF in children (8-13 years old) with typical reading ability, DD only, or both DD + ADHD. Across both groups with dyslexia, impaired EF was associated with greater impairment on measures loading onto a reading fluency, but not a reading accuracy, factor. There were no significant differences between the DD and DD + ADHD groups on measures of reading fluency or reading accuracy. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a rhyme-matching reading task requiring phonological awareness, typically developing readers showed greater left-hemisphere reading network ac...