Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanodrug for Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy via Triggering Waterfall-Like Cascade Ferroptosis

作者：Wenjun Ni, Yongxiang Li, Lingxia Liang, Shuyue Yang, Meixiao Zhan, Cuixia Lu, Ligong Lu, Liewei Wen · 发表于：Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1166/jbn.2022.3250 · 被引用次数：29 · 研究领域：Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis、Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics、Extracellular vesicles in disease

The most common type of kidney tumor, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with relatively insidious development and easily metastatic characteristics is generally insensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy. The abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content in advanced ccRCC allows it to be intrinsically vulnerable to ferroptosis-based therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, the strategy to cause the “iron overload” by administration with iron-based nanomaterials has limited therapeutic efficacy. And the classic ferroptosis agonist (RSL3) with low specificity for tumors, short half-life in the blood, poor water solubility and deficient accumulation at the tumor site prevents its reliable application in vivo . In this study, iron-based metal–organic framework nanoparticles (MIL-101(Fe) NPs) delivered RSL3 to ccRCC tumors, and then released the iron ions and RSL3 accompanied by the degradation of MIL-101(Fe) NPs in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The MIL-101(Fe)@RSL3 as a pH-responsive nanodrug causes cellular iron overload and promotes the hydroxyl radical ( • OH) generation by Fenton reaction to attack PUFAs, leading to the aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides (L–OOH). Additionally, RSL3 directly inhibits glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to detoxify L–OOH, and ferrous ions further catalyze the irreversible conversion of highly reactive lipid alkoxyl radicals (L–O • ) from L–OOH to triggering waterfall-like cascade ferroptosis. In contrast to the limited antitumor eff...