Biological roles of RNA m5C modification and its implications in Cancer immunotherapy

作者：Hang Song, Jianye Zhang, Bin Liu, Jing Xu, Biao Cai, Hai Yang, Julia Straube, Xiyong Yu, Teng Ma · 发表于：Biomarker Research · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1186/s40364-022-00362-8 · 被引用次数：238 · 研究领域：RNA modifications and cancer、Cancer-related gene regulation、Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research

Abstract Epigenetics including DNA and RNA modifications have always been the hotspot field of life sciences in the post-genome era. Since the first mapping of N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) and the discovery of its widespread presence in mRNA, there are at least 160-170 RNA modifications have been discovered. These methylations occur in different RNA types, and their distribution is species-specific. 5-methylcytosine (m 5 C) has been found in mRNA, rRNA and tRNA of representative organisms from all kinds of species. As reversible epigenetic modifications, m 5 C modifications of RNA affect the fate of the modified RNA molecules and play important roles in various biological processes including RNA stability control, protein synthesis, and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, accumulative evidence also implicates the role of RNA m 5 C in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the latest progresses in the biological roles of m 5 C modifications and how it is regulated by corresponding “writers”, “readers” and “erasers” proteins, as well as the potential molecular mechanism in tumorigenesis and cancer immunotherapy.