Soil enzymes in response to climate warming: Mechanisms and feedbacks

作者：Nicolas Fanin, Maria Mooshammer, Marie Sauvadet, Cheng Meng, Gaël Alvarez, Laëtitia Bernard, Isabelle Bertrand, Еvgenia Blagodatskaya, Lucie Bon, Sébastien Fontaine, Shuli Niu, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Tania L. Maxwell, Michael Weintraub, Lisa Wingate, Daryl Moorhead, Andrew T. Nottingham · 发表于：Functional Ecology · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1111/1365-2435.14027 · 被引用次数：189 · 研究领域：Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology、Polar Research and Ecology

Abstract Soil enzymes are central to ecosystem processes because they mediate numerous reactions that are essential in biogeochemical cycles. However, how soil enzyme activities will respond to global warming is uncertain. We reviewed the literature on mechanisms linking temperature effects on soil enzymes and microbial communities, and outlined a conceptual overview on how these changes may influence soil carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. At the enzyme scale, although temperature can have a positive effect on enzymatic catalytic power in the short term (i.e. via the instantaneous response of activity), this effect can be countered over time by enzyme inactivation and reduced substrate affinity. At the microbial scale, short‐term warming can increase enzymatic catalytic power via accelerated synthesis and microbial turnover, but shifts in microbial community composition and growth efficiency may mediate the effect of warming in the long term. Although increasing enzyme activities may accelerate labile carbon decomposition over months to years, our literature review highlights that this initial stage can be followed by the following phases: (a) a reduction in soil carbon loss, due to changing carbon use efficiency among communities or substrate depletion, which together can decrease microbial biomass and enzyme activity and (b) an acceleration of soil carbon loss, due to shifts in microbial community structure and greater allocation to oxidative enzymes for recalcitrant...