Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer

作者：Siwei Wang, Chao Gao, Yi-Min Zheng, Yi Li, Jia‐Cheng Lu, Xiaoyong Huang, Jiabin Cai, Pengfei Zhang, Yuehong Cui, Ai‐Wu Ke · 发表于：Molecular Cancer · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1186/s12943-022-01518-8 · 被引用次数：460 · 研究领域：CRISPR and Genetic Engineering、Virus-based gene therapy research、CAR-T cell therapy research

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system provides adaptive immunity against plasmids and phages in prokaryotes. This system inspires the development of a powerful genome engineering tool, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing system. Due to its high efficiency and precision, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been employed to explore the functions of cancer-related genes, establish tumor-bearing animal models and probe drug targets, vastly increasing our understanding of cancer genomics. Here, we review current status of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in oncological research. We first explain the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and introduce several new CRISPR-based gene editing modes. We next detail the rapid progress of CRISPR screening in revealing tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms. In addition, we introduce CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery vectors and finally demonstrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 engineering to enhance the effect of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) and reduce adverse reactions.