Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after Covid-19 Vaccination and Previous Infection

作者：Victoria Jane Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Ferdinando Insalata, Peter Kirwan, Ayoub Saei, Ana Atti, Edgar Wellington, Jameel Khawam, Katie Munro, Michelle Jayne Cole, Caio Vinicius Tranquillini, Andrew Taylor-Kerr, Nipunadi Hettiarachchi, Davina Calbraith, Noshin Sajedi, Iain D. Milligan, Yrene Themistocleous, Diane Corrigan, Lisa Cromey, Lesley Price, Sally Stewart, Elen De Lacy, Chris Norman, Ezra Linley, Ashley David Otter, Amanda E. Semper, Jacqueline Hewson, Silvia D’Arcangelo, Meera A Chand, Colin Stewart Brown, Tim J G Brooks, Jasmin Islam, André Charlett, Susan Hopkins · 发表于：New England Journal of Medicine · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1056/nejmoa2118691 · 被引用次数：757 · 研究领域：SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy、Respiratory viral infections research

BACKGROUND: The duration and effectiveness of immunity from infection with and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are relevant to pandemic policy interventions, including the timing of vaccine boosters. METHODS: We investigated the duration and effectiveness of immunity in a prospective cohort of asymptomatic health care workers in the United Kingdom who underwent routine polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing. Vaccine effectiveness (≤10 months after the first dose of vaccine) and infection-acquired immunity were assessed by comparing the time to PCR-confirmed infection in vaccinated persons with that in unvaccinated persons, stratified according to previous infection status. We used a Cox regression model with adjustment for previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status, vaccine type and dosing interval, demographic characteristics, and workplace exposure to SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Of 35,768 participants, 27% (9488) had a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine coverage was high: 95% of the participants had received two doses (78% had received BNT162b2 vaccine [Pfizer-BioNTech] with a long interval between doses, 9% BNT162b2 vaccine with a short interval between doses, and 8% ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine [AstraZeneca]). Between December 7, 2020, and September 21, 2021, a total of 2747 primary infections and 210 reinfections were observed. Among previously uninfected participants who received long-interval BNT162b2 vaccine, adjusted vaccine effect...