The prevalence of loneliness across 113 countries: systematic review and meta-analysis

作者：Daniel L Surkalim, Mengyun Luo, Robert Eres, Klaus Gebel, Joe Van Buskirk, Adrian Ernest Bauman, Ding Ding · 发表于：BMJ · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1136/bmj-2021-067068 · 被引用次数：786 · 研究领域：Health disparities and outcomes、Health, psychology, and well-being、Resilience and Mental Health

OBJECTIVES: To identify data availability, gaps, and patterns for population level prevalence of loneliness globally, to summarise prevalence estimates within World Health Organization regions when feasible through meta-analysis, and to examine temporal trends of loneliness in countries where data exist. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus for peer reviewed literature, and Google Scholar and Open Grey for grey literature, supplemented by backward reference searching (to 1 September 2021) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Observational studies based on nationally representative samples (n≥292), validated instruments, and prevalence data for 2000-19. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted in the subset of studies with relatively homogeneous research methods by measurement instrument, age group, and WHO region. RESULTS: Prevalence data were available for 113 countries or territories, according to official WHO nomenclature for regions, from 57 studies. Data were available for adolescents (12-17 years) in 77 countries or territories, young adults (18-29 years) in 30 countries, middle aged adults (30-59 years) in 32 countries, and older adults (≥60 years) in 40 countries. Data for all age groups except adolescents were lacking outside of Europe. Overall, 212 estimates for 106 countries from...