Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Acquisition Is Associated With Individual Exposure but Not Community-Level Transmission

作者：DeAnna Friedman-Klabanoff, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Meagan E. Deming, Vaidehi Agrawal, Sandra Sitar, Torin Schaafsma, Elizabeth R. Brown, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Ruanne V. Barnabas, Miriam K. Laufer, Hydroxychloroquine COVID-19 Postexposure Prophylaxis Study Team, Peter Dull, Scott A. Miller, Thao‐Thy Pham, Luisa Arroyave, Jonathan P. B. Berz, P Buitrón, Michael Camuso, Leticia Cardoso, Ricardo Cruz, Julien Dedier, Husam Dennaoui, Anna L. Goldman, Cheryl Greenstein, Lori Henault, Terrell K. Johnson, Sarah Kimball, Carlie Martinez, Erin Martinez, Crystal Ng, William Paarz, Qausarat Ogunneye, Lev Paasche-Orlow, Margot Rogers, Kathleen Salerno, Michael Smithline, Carl G. Streed, Nisha Verma, Katherine Waite, Sybil Hosek, Christopher Balthazar, Ann Jarris, Leslie Anna Greene, Diana S.M. Buist, Sandra India Aldana, Marissa Alsaloum, Elle Anastasiou, Rodrigo Arce Cardozo, Beita Badiei, Kamilla Bakirova, Zulfiya Bakirova, Caroline Barnes, Sukhleen K Bedi, D Beggs, Stefanie Bendik, Meng Cao, Michelle Chang, Shirley Chen, Anna Cheng, Stella Chong, Jane Coates, Sarah Conderino, Jacqueline Connery, Megan E. Connolly, Aira L Contreras, Matthew S. Dreier, Emily Duan, Eveline Teresa Hidalgo, Maja Fadzan, Samantha N Fagan, Jamie Fried, Juan Gago, Nadia Gakou, Emily Gill, Akash Gujral, Xiaolei Hao, Christina Hughes, Robert T James, Sean Kim, Penina Krieger, Susan N Landon, Alice Li Juan Liang, Priscilla Lopez, Lia Mamistvalova, Mark D. Schwartz, Saydee McQuay, Wei Miao, Sadia Mohaimin, Kaicy Gabriela, Krissy Nguyen-Stone Naranjo, Ashley Peltekci, Andrea Peña, Katherine Perdomo, Mary Lou Pompeii, Lindsey Quintana, Amanda J. Reynolds, Robert Pitts, Andrea Rodriguez, Prabhu Sasankan, Sneha Sharma, Amy Shire, Stela Sota, Ben R. Spoer, Bethany Springer, Jay Stadelman, Christina N. Wysota, Yang Yang, M. Forest Yepez, Danielle Cram, Stephen Eustace, Kathleen Mandziuk, Michael Massaro, Colleen Mullenix, Toze Reichard, Tiara Towner, Mark Abbott, Elizabeth Asiago‐Reddy, K. Baxter, Kate Caiello, Timothy P. Endy, Ivayla I. Geneva, Peter Greco, Elizabeth Harausz, Michelle Klick, Patrick Mehlek, Christopher J. Miller, Melissa Reale, Kianna Ripich, Andrea Shaw, Keely Terrillion, Stephen J. Thomas, Mueenah Anibaba, Evan Atkinson, M Blyth, Mary Beth Campbell, Lillianna Carsch, Ashita Ganguly, Sarina Gupta, Heather Larkin, Jake Hall, John Huntwork, Margaret Huntwork, Mariel McConville, April McDougal, Florice K Numbi, Cedrick Ntambwe, Michelle Palomares, Demetrius Plaxico, Hamada Rady, Maria Ribando, Sydney Sauter, Daniel Triggs, Neha Upadhyay, Norine Schmidt, Shannon Watson, Crystal Zheng, Rubi Arias, Azra Bhimani, Cheríe Blair, Catie Cambou, Meilani Cayabyab, Rafael Corona, Danielle Escobedo, Daisuke Furukawa, Aline Sanches Gonzalez, Heather Karpf, Ryan Kofron, Karla Largaespada, Nancy López, Hannah Mansky, Rachel Martin‐Blais, Antonia Petreuse, Christina Shin, Tran T. Tran, Ameila Weldon, Gabriela Were, Vaidehi Agrawal, Melissa Billington, Megan Birkhold, Colleen Boyce, Marianne Cloeren, Carlo Foppiano Palacios, DeAnna Friedman-Klabanoff, Alyson Kwon, Hanna M. LeBuhn, Esther Liu, Meredith Lu, Melissa A. McDiarmid, Melissa Myers, Faith Pa’ahana-Brown, Marian Poley, Biraj Shrestha, Gentry Wilkerson, Nathan Alidina, Samuel L.M. Arnold, Marie Bauer, Jennifer Baugh, Cara J. Bayer, Medhavi Bole, Elizabeth Brandstetter, Alyssa Braun, Clare Brown, M. C. Brown, Michelle A. Bulterys, Jared Castor, Maianna Dematteis, Ivy Doan, Mark W. Drummond, Erika Feutz, Sean R. Galagan, Daphne Hamilton, Kirsten Hauge, Elsa L Hay, Florian Hladik, Xuanlin Hou, Doug Houston, Madelaine Humphreys, Abir Hussein, Matthew H Ikuma, Rodal Issema, Rachel L. Johnson, Mary Ellen Kirk, Jack Knauer, Steven R. Kuntz, Savannah Lawton, Rebecca Letterer, Elina Lingappa, Jairam R. Lingappa, Caroline H. Liou, Katie Lund, Toni M. Maddox, Anya Mathur, Mari Metter, Lindsey McClellan, Deidra Montoya, Jessica Moreno, Urvashi Pandey Gregory Morlin, Gregory Pepper, Alicia Pettit, Thepthara Pholsena, Griffin Popp, Jeff Purcell, Justice Quame‐Amaglo, Reigran Sampoleo, Elliott M. Sanger, Matthew Seymour, Alexander Shercliffe, Shabir Somani, Jenell Stewart, Selorm Tamakole, Jina M Taub, Zoe Thuesmunn, Amena Tungara, Ethan Valinetz, Dana Varon, Vianey Vázquez, Bao-Chau Vo, Valentine Wanga, Chloe Waters, Yulun Wei, Meagan Welsh, Katie Wicklander, Brian R. Wood, Grant E. Young, Z Young, Lucy Zhao, Azaad Zimmermann, Deborah Brown, Nathaniel Davenport, Omar Gambito · 发表于：The Journal of Infectious Diseases · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1093/infdis/jiac029 · 被引用次数：4 · 研究领域：COVID-19 epidemiological studies、SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing、COVID-19 and Mental Health

BACKGROUND: Transmission rates after exposure to a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive individual within households and healthcare settings varies significantly between studies. Variability in the extent of exposure and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence may contribute to differences in observed rates. METHODS: We examined risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a randomized controlled trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis. Study procedures included standardized questionnaires at enrollment and daily self-collection of midturbinate swabs for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. County-level incidence was modeled using federally sourced data. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS: Eighty-six of 567 (15.2%) household/social contacts and 12 of 122 (9.8%) healthcare worker contacts acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exposure to 2 suspected index cases (vs 1) significantly increased risk for both household/social contacts (relative risk [RR], 1.86) and healthcare workers (RR, 8.18). Increased contact time also increased risk for healthcare workers (3-12 hours: RR, 7.82, >12 hours: RR, 11.81, vs ≤2 hours), but not for household/social contacts. County incidence did not impact risk. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, increased exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within household or healthcare settings led to higher risk of infection, but elevated community incidence did not. This reinfo...