The Frontline Immunotherapy-Based Treatment of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Clinical Perspective

作者：In-Ho Kim, Hyo Jin Lee · 发表于：Biomedicines · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.3390/biomedicines10020251 · 被引用次数：21 · 研究领域：Renal cell carcinoma treatment、Renal and related cancers、Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments

Approximately 400,000 patients are diagnosed with kidney cancer annually worldwide, leading to approximately 170,000 deaths. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 90% of kidney cancers. The most common histological subtype is clear cell RCC, which is found in approximately 85% of metastatic RCC cases. The VHL-HIF-VEGF axis is well known; therefore, targeting VEGF has been the mainstay for managing advanced clear cell RCC. Recently, the treatment landscape for advanced clear cell RCC has changed extensively. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitor-based treatment showed promising results in front-line treatment and became the standard of care. Herein, we review the current evidence on front-line treatment options and discuss the clinical and future perspective.