Bottled water quality and associated health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 years of published data from China

作者：Alasdair Cohen, Jingyi Cui, Song Qing-Yang, Qiwen Xia, Jiexuan Huang, Xinjia Yan, Yalu Guo, Yixin Sun, John M. Colford, Isha Ray · 发表于：Environmental Research Letters · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1088/1748-9326/ac2f65 · 被引用次数：20 · 研究领域：Fecal contamination and water quality、Water Treatment and Disinfection、Child Nutrition and Water Access

Abstract Bottled water is a rapidly growing yet relatively understudied source of drinking water globally. In addition to concerns about the safety of bottled water, the adverse environmental health and social impacts associated with bottled water production, distribution, consumption, and reliance are considerable. Our objective was to comprehensively review, analyze, and synthesize ∼20 years of publicly available data on bottled water quality and associated health outcomes in China. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of publicly available studies of bottled water quality and associated health outcomes in China published between 1995 and early 2016 (in Chinese and English). We pre-specified and registered our study protocol, independently replicated key analyses, and followed standardized reporting guidelines. Our search identified 7059 potentially eligible records. Following screening, after full-text review of 476 publications, 216 (reporting results from 625 studies) met our eligibility criteria. Among many findings, 93.7% (SD = 10.1) of 24 585 samples tested for total coliforms ( n = 241 studies), and 92.6% (SD = 12.7) of 7261 samples tested for nitrites ( n = 85 studies), were in compliance with China’s relevant bottled water standards. Of the studies reporting concentration data for lead ( n = 8), arsenic ( n = 5), cadmium ( n = 3), and mercury ( n = 3), median concentrations were within China’s standards for all but one study of cadmium. Only nine publ...