The risk of perchlorate and iodine on the incidence of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter: a case-control study in southeastern China

作者：Huirong Wang, Yousheng Jiang, Jiayi Song, Huiwen Liang, Yuan Liu, Jiewu Huang, Pengliang Yin, Dongting Wu, Hang Zhang, Xinjie Liu, Dongxian Zhou, Wei Wei, Lin Lei, Ji Peng, Jianqing Zhang · 发表于：Environmental Health · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1186/s12940-021-00818-8 · 被引用次数：38 · 研究领域：Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact、Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research、Thyroid Disorders and Treatments

BACKGROUND: The incidence rates of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter show an upward trend worldwide. There are limited reports on the risk of perchlorate and iodine on thyroid tumors, but evidence from population studies is scarce, and their impact on thyroid function is still uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association of perchlorate and iodine with the risk of nodular goiter (NG), papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to assess the correlation between perchlorate and iodine with thyroid function indicators. METHODS: A case-control population consisting of 184 pairs of thyroid tumors and nodular goiter matched by gender and age (±2 years) was recruited in this study. Serum and urine samples were collected from each participant. Thyroid function indicators in serum were tested by automatic chemical immunofluorescence, and perchlorate and iodine levels in urine were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, respectively. Conditional logistic regressions and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the associations. RESULTS: Urinary perchlorate concentration was significantly higher in total cases, NG and PTC than in the corresponding controls (P < 0.05). Perchlorate was positively associated with PTC (OR = 1.058, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.110) in a non-linear dose-response relationship, but there was no...