Neutralizing antibody responses over time in demographically and clinically diverse individuals recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States and Peru: A cohort study

作者：Shelly Karuna, Shuying Sue Li, Shannon Grant, Stephen R. Walsh, Ian Frank, Martín Casapía, Meg Trahey, Ollivier Hyrien, Leigh H. Fisher, Maurine D. Miner, April K. Randhawa, Laura Polakowski, James G. Kublin, Lawrence Corey, David C. Montefiori, for the HVTN 405/HPTN 1901 Study Team · 发表于：PLoS Medicine · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1371/journal.pmed.1003868 · 被引用次数：25 · 研究领域：SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、Immune responses and vaccinations、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies

BACKGROUND: People infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) experience a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic and mild illness to severe illness and death, influenced by age and a variety of comorbidities. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are thought to be a primary immune defense against the virus. Large, diverse, well-characterized cohorts of convalescent individuals provide standardized values to benchmark nAb responses to past SARS-CoV-2 infection and define potentially protective levels of immunity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This analysis comprises an observational cohort of 329 HIV-seronegative adults in the United States (n = 167) and Peru (n = 162) convalescing from SARS-CoV-2 infection from May through October 2020. The mean age was 48 years (range 18 to 86), 54% of the cohort overall was Hispanic, and 34% identified as White. nAb titers were measured in serum by SARS-CoV-2.D614G Spike-pseudotyped virus infection of 293T/ACE2 cells. Multiple linear regression was applied to define associations between nAb titers and demographic variables, disease severity and time from infection or disease onset, and comorbidities within and across US and Peruvian cohorts over time. nAb titers peaked 28 to 42 days post-diagnosis and were higher in participants with a history of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (p < 0.001). Diabetes, age >55 years, male sex assigned at birth, and, in some cases, body mass index were also indepe...