Extended follow-up and spatial analysis of the American Cancer Society study linking particulate air pollution and mortality.

作者：Daniel Krewski, Michael Jerrett, Richard T Burnett, Renjun Ma, Edward G. Hughes, Yuanli Shi, Michelle C. Turner, C Arden Pope, George D. Thurston, Eugenia E. Calle, Michael J. Thun, Bernie Beckerman, Pat DeLuca, Norm Finkelstein, Kaz Ito, D K Moore, K. Bruce Newbold, Tim Ramsay, Zev Ross, Hwashin Hyun Shin, Barbara Tempalski · 发表于：PubMed · 年份：2009 · 被引用次数：1030 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Environmental Justice and Health Disparities、Urban Transport and Accessibility

We conducted an extended follow-up and spatial analysis of the American Cancer Society (ACS) Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort in order to further examine associations between long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and mortality in large U.S. cities. The current study sought to clarify outstanding scientific issues that arose from our earlier HEI-sponsored Reanalysis of the original ACS study data (the Particle Epidemiology Reanalysis Project). Specifically, we examined (1) how ecologic covariates at the community and neighborhood levels might confound and modify the air pollution-mortality association; (2) how spatial autocorrelation and multiple levels of data (e.g., individual and neighborhood) can be taken into account within the random effects Cox model; (3) how using land-use regression to refine measurements of air pollution exposure to the within-city (or intra-urban) scale might affect the size and significance of health effects in the Los Angeles and New York City regions; and (4) what exposure time windows may be most critical to the air pollution-mortality association. The 18 years of follow-up (extended from 7 years in the original study [Pope et al. 1995]) included vital status data for the CPS-II cohort (approximately 1.2 million participants) with multiple cause-of-death codes through December 31, 2000 and more recent exposure data from air pollution monitoring sites for the metropolitan areas. In the Nationwide Analysis, the influence of eco...