Phenotyping of Acute and Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Features in the Outpatient Setting: Exploratory Analysis of an International Cross-sectional Online Survey

作者：Sabina Sahanic, Piotr Tymoszuk, Dietmar Ausserhofer, Verena Rass, Alex Pizzini, Goetz Nordmeyer, Katharina Hüfner, Katharina Kurz, Paulina Maria Weber, Thomas Sonnweber, Anna Boehm, Magdalena Aichner, Katharina Cima, Barbara Boeckle, Bernhard Holzner, Gerhard Rumpold, Christoph Puelacher, Stefan Julia Kiechl, Andreas Huber, Christian Josef Wiedermann, Barbara Sperner‐Unterweger, Ivan Tancevski, Rosa Bellmann‐Weiler, Herbert Bachler, Giuliano Piccoliori, Raimund Helbok, Günter Weiß, Judith Löffler‐Ragg · 发表于：Clinical Infectious Diseases · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1093/cid/ciab978 · 被引用次数：35 · 研究领域：Long-Term Effects of COVID-19、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies、COVID-19 and Mental Health

BACKGROUND: Long COVID, defined as the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms ≥28 days after clinical onset, is an emerging challenge to healthcare systems. The objective of the current study was to explore recovery phenotypes in nonhospitalized individuals with COVID-19. METHODS: A dual cohort, online survey study was conducted between September 2020 and July 2021 in the neighboring European regions Tyrol (TY; Austria, n = 1157) and South Tyrol (STY; Italy, n = 893). Data were collected on demographics, comorbid conditions, COVID-19 symptoms, and recovery in adult outpatients. Phenotypes of acute COVID-19, postacute sequelae, and risk of protracted recovery were explored using semi-supervised clustering and multiparameter least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) modeling. RESULTS: Participants in the study cohorts were predominantly working age (median age [interquartile range], 43 [31-53] years] for TY and 45 [35-55] years] for STY) and female (65.1% in TY and 68.3% in STY). Nearly half (47.6% in TY and 49.3% in STY) reported symptom persistence beyond 28 days. Two acute COVID-19 phenotypes were discerned: the nonspecific infection phenotype and the multiorgan phenotype (MOP). Acute MOP symptoms encompassing multiple neurological, cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and dermatological symptoms were linked to elevated risk of protracted recovery. The major subset of individuals with long COVID (49.3% in TY; 55.6% in STY) displayed no persisten...