Radioactivity control strategy for the JUNO detector

作者：A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, Thomas Adam, S. Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, S. Aiello, M. Akram, Fengpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Н. Анфимов, V. Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, J. P. A. M. de André, Didier Auguste, Andrej Babič, W. Baldini, Andrea Barresi, D. Basilico, E. Baussan, M. Bellato, Antonio Bergnoli, Thilo Birkenfeld, Sylvie Blin, David Blum, S.C. Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, M. Bongrand, Clément Bordereau, D. Breton, A. Brigatti, R. Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, A. Budano, Mario Buscemi, José Busto, Ilya Butorov, Anatael Cabrera, Hao Cai, X. Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, Antonio Cammi, Agustín Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, R. Caruso, C. Cerna, J. F. Chang, Yun Chang, Pingping Chen, Po-An Chen, Shaomin Chen, Xurong Chen, Yiwen Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zhang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Alexey Chetverikov, D. Chiesa, P. Chimenti, A. Chukanov, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, Barbara Clerbaux, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Daniele Corti, O. Cremonesi, F. Dal Corso, Olivia Dalager, C. De La Taille, Jiawei Deng, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, Wilfried Depnering, Marco Diaz, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Bayu Dirgantara, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Tadeáš Dohnal, Dmitry Dolzhikov, Georgy Donchenko, J. Dong, E. Doroshkevich, M. Dracos, Frédéric Druillole, Shuxian Du, S. Dusini, Martin Dvořák, T. Enqvist, Heike Enzmann, Andrea Fabbri, L. Fajt, Donghua Fan, Lei Fan, J. Fang, Wenxing Fang, Marco Fargetta, Dmitry Fedoseev, Vladko Fekete, Li-Cheng Feng, Qichun Feng, R. Ford, A. Formozov, Amélie Fournier, Haonan Gan, Feng Gao, A. Garfagnini, Marco Giammarchi, A. Giaz, Nunzio Giudice, M. Gonchar, G. Gong, Hui Gong, Y. Gornushkin, Alexandre Göttel, M. Grassi, Christian Grewing, Vasily Gromov, M. H. Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Y. T. Gu, Mengyun Guan, Nunzio Guardone, Maria Gul, Cong Guo, Jingyuan Guo, Wanlei Guo, Xin-Heng Guo, Yuhang Guo, Paul Hackspacher, Caren Hagner, Ran Han, Yang Han, Muhammad Sohaib Hassan, Miao He, Wei He, Tobias Heinz, Patrick Hellmuth, Y. K. Heng, Rafael Herrera, YuenKeung Hor, S. Hou, Y. Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu, H. Hu, Jianrun Hu, Jun Hu, Shouyang Hu, Tao Hu, Z. Hu, Chunhao Huang, Guihong Huang, Han‐Xiong Huang, Wenhao Huang, Xin Huang, Xingtao Huang, Yongbo Huang, Jiaqi Hui, Lei Huo, Wenju Huo, Cédric Huss, Safeer Hussain, Ara Ioannisian, R. Isocrate, Beatrice Jelmini, Kuo-Lun Jen, Ignacio Jeria, X. L. Ji, X. L. Ji, Huihui Jia, Junji Jia, Siyu Jian, Di Jiang, Xiaoshan Jiang, Ruyi Jin, Xiaoping Jing, C. Jollet, Jari Joutsenvaara, Sirichok Jungthawan, Leonidas Kalousis, Philipp Kampmann, Lucas Kang, Rebin Karaparambil, Narine Kazarian, Waseem Khan, Khanchai Khosonthongkee, Denis Korablev, Konstantin Kouzakov, Alexey Krasnoperov, A. Kruth, Nikolay Kutovskiy, P. Kuusiniemi, Tobias Lachenmaier, Cecilia Landini, Sébastien Leblanc, Victor Lebrin, F. Lefèvre, Ruiting Lei, R. Leitner, Jason Leung, Demin Li, Li Fei, Fule Li, Haitao Li, Hui-Ling Li, Jiaqi Li, Mengzhao Li, Min Li, Nan Li, Nan Li, Qingjiang Li, Ruhui Li, Shanfeng Li, Tao Li, Weidong Li, Weiguo Li, Xiaomei Li, Xiaonan Li, Xinglong Li, Yi Li, Yufeng Li, Zhaohan Li, Zhibing Li, Ziyuan Li, Hao Liang, Hao Liang, Jiajun Liao, Daniel Liebau, A. Limphirat, Sukit Limpijumnong, Guey-Lin Lin, Shengxin Lin, Tao Lin, Jiajie Ling, I. Lippi, Fang Liu, Haidong Liu, H. Liu, Hongjuan Liu, Hongtao Liu, Hui Liu, Jianglai Liu, Jinchang Liu, Min Liu, Qian Liu, Qin Liu, Runxuan Liu, Shuangyu Liu, Shubin Liu, Shulin Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Xiwen Liu, Yan Liu, Yunzhe Liu, Alexey Lokhov, P. Lombardi, Claudio Lombardo, Kai Loo, Chuan Lu, Haoqi Lu, Jingbin Lu, Junguang Lü, Shuxiang Lu, Xiaoxu Lu, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim Lubsandorzhiev, Livia Ludhova, Fengjiao Luo, Guang Luo, Pengwei Luo, Shu Luo, W. Luo, Vladimir Lyashuk, Bangzheng Ma, Qiumei Ma, Si Ma, Xiaoyan Ma, Xubo Ma, Jihane Maalmi, Yury Malyshkin, Fabio Mantovani, Francesco Manzali, Xin Mao, Yajun Mao, Stefano Maria Mari, Filippo Marini, Sadia Marium, C. Martellini, G. Martin-Chassard, A. Martini, Matthias Mayer, Davit Mayilyan, Ints Mednieks, Yue Meng, Anselmo Meregaglia, Emanuela Meroni, David Meyhöfer, Mauro Mezzetto, J. Miller, Lino Miramonti, P. Montini, M. Montuschi, Axel Müller, M. Nastasi, Dmitry V. Naumov, Elena Naumova, D. Navas-Nicolás, Igor Nemchenok, Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi, Feipeng Ning, Zhe Ning, Hiroshi Nunokawa, Lothar Oberauer, J. P. Ochoa‐Ricoux, Alexander Olshevskiy, D. Orestano, F. Ortica, Rainer Othegraven, Hsiao-Ru Pan, A. Paoloni, Sergio Parmeggiano, Yatian Pei, N. Pelliccia, Anguo Peng, H. Peng, Frédéric Perrot, Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean, Fabrizio Petrucci, Oliver Pilarczyk, Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico, Artyom Popov, Pascal Poussot, Wathan Pratumwan, E. Previtali, F. Z. Qi, Ming Qi, S. Qian, Xiaohui Qian, Z. Qian, Hao Qiao, Zhonghua Qin, Shoukang Qiu, Muhammad Usman Rajput, Gioacchino Ranucci, N. Raper, A. Re, Henning Rebber, Abdel Rebii, Bin Ren, Jie Ren, Barbara Ricci, Markus Robens, Mathieu Roche, Narongkiat Rodphai, A. Romani, Bedřich Roskovec, Christian Roth, Xiangdong Ruan, Xichao Ruan, Saroj Rujirawat, Arseniy Rybnikov, Andrey Sadovsky, P. Saggese, S. Sanfilippo, Anut Sangka, Nuanwan Sanguansak, Utane Sawangwit, Julia Sawatzki, Fatma Sawy, Michaela Schever, Cédric Schwab, Konstantin Schweizer, Alexandr Selyunin, Andrea Serafini, Giulio Settanta, M. Settimo, Zhuang Shao, Vladislav Sharov, Arina Shaydurova, Jingyan Shi, Yanan Shi, Vitaly Shutov, Andrey Sidorenkov, F. Šimkovic, C. Sirignano, Jaruchit Siripak, Monica Sisti, Maciej Slupecki, Mikhail Smirnov, Oleg Smirnov, T. J. C. Bezerra, Sergey Sokolov, Julanan Songwadhana, Boonrucksar Soonthornthum, A. Sotnikov, Ondřej Šrámek, Warintorn Sreethawong, Achim Stahl, L. Stančo, Konstantin Stankevich, Dušan Štefánik, Hans Steiger, Jochen Steinmann, Tobias Sterr, Matthias Raphael Stock, Virginia Strati, Alexander Studenikin, Shifeng Sun, Xilei Sun, Yongjie Sun, Y. K. Sun, N. Suwonjandee, Michal Szelezniak, J. Tang, Qiang Tang, Quan Tang, Xiao Tang, Alexander Tietzsch, Igor Tkachev, Tomas Tmej, Konstantin Treskov, Andrea Triossi, Giancarlo Troni, W. H. Trzaska, C. Tuvé, Nikita Ushakov, Johannes van den Boom, Stefan van Waasen, Guillaume Vanroyen, Nikolaos Vassilopoulos, Vadim Vedin, G. Verde, Maxim Vialkov, Benoit Viaud, Moritz Cornelius Vollbrecht, Cristina Volpe, V. Vorobel, Д. Воронин, Lucia Votano, Pablo Walker, Caishen Wang, Chung-Hsiang Wang, En Wang, Guoli Wang, Jian Wang, Jun Wang, Kunyu Wang, Lu Wang, Meifen Wang, Meng Wang, Meng Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Siguang Wang, Wei Wang, Wei Wang, Wenshuai Wang, X. L. Wang, Xiangyue Wang, Yangfu Wang, Yaoguang Wang, Yi Wang, Yi Wang, Yifang Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Yuman Wang, Zhe Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Zongyi Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Apimook Watcharangkool, Lianghong Wei, Wei Wei, Wenlu Wei, Yadong Wei, Liangjian Wen, C. H. Wiebusch, Steven Chan-Fai Wong, B. S. Wonsak, Diru Wu, Fangliang Wu, Qun Wu, Zhi Wu, Michael Wurm, Jacques Wurtz, Christian Wysotzki, Yufei Xi, Dongmei Xia, Xiaochuan Xie, Yuguang Xie, Zhangquan Xie, Zhi‐zhong Xing, Benda Xu, Cheng Xu, Donglian Xu, Fanrong Xu, Hangkun Xu, Jilei Xu, Jing Xu, M. Xu, Yin Xu, Yu Xu, Baojun Yan, Taylor Yan, Wenqi Yan, Xiongbo Yan, Yupeng Yan, Anbo Yang, Changgen Yang, Cheng-Feng Yang, Huan Yang, Jie Yang, Lei Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yifan Yang, Yifan Yang, Haifeng Yao, Z. Yasin, Jiaxuan Ye, Mei Ye, Ziping Ye, Ugur Yegin, Frédéric Yermia, Peihuai Yi, Na Yin, Xiangwei Yin, Z. You, Boxiang Yu, Chiye Yu, Chunxu Yu, Hongzhao Yu, Miao Yu, Xianghui Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Chengzhuo Yuan, Ying Yuan, Zhenxiong Yuan, Ziyi Yuan, Bin Yue, Noman Zafar, Andre Zambanini, Vitalii Zavadskyi, Shan Zeng, Tingxuan Zeng, Yuda Zeng, Liang Zhan, Aiqiang Zhang, Feiyang Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Haiqiong Zhang, Honghao Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jin Zhang, Jingbo Zhang, Jinnan Zhang, Peng Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Shiqi Zhang, Shu Zhang, Tao Zhang, Xiaomei Zhang, Xuantong Zhang, X. Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yinhong Zhang, Yiyu Zhang, Y. P. Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, Fengyi Zhao, Jie Zhao, Rong Zhao, Shujun Zhao, Tianchi Zhao, Dongqin Zheng, Hua Zheng, Minshan Zheng, Yangheng Zheng, Wei-Rong Zhong, Jing Zhou, L. P. Zhou, Nan Zhou, Shun Zhou, Tong Zhou, Xiang Zhou, Jiang Zhu, Kangfu Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Zhihang Zhu, B. A. Zhuang, Honglin Zhuang, Liang Zong, J. H. Zou · 发表于：Journal of High Energy Physics · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1007/jhep11(2021)102 · 被引用次数：35 · 研究领域：Neutrino Physics Research、Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies、Particle Detector Development and Performance

A bstract JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day (cpd), therefore a careful control of the background sources due to radioactivity is critical. In particular, natural radioactivity present in all materials and in the environment represents a serious issue that could impair the sensitivity of the experiment if appropriate countermeasures were not foreseen. In this paper we discuss the background reduction strategies undertaken by the JUNO collaboration to reduce at minimum the impact of natural radioactivity. We describe our efforts for an optimized experimental design, a careful material screening and accurate detector production handling, and a constant control of the expected results through a meticulous Monte Carlo simulation program. We show that all these actions should allow us to keep the background count rate safely below the target value of 10 Hz (i.e. ∼ 1 cpd accidental background) in the default fiducial volume, above an energy threshold of 0.7 MeV.