Super‐Resolution Cine Image Enhancement for Fetal Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

作者：Klas Berggren, Daniel Ryd, Einar Heiberg, Anthony H. Aletras, Erik Hedström · 发表于：Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1002/jmri.27956 · 被引用次数：29 · 研究领域：Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders、Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography、Congenital Heart Disease Studies

BACKGROUND: Fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves the diagnosis of congenital heart defects, but is sensitive to fetal motion due to long image acquisition time. This may be overcome with faster image acquisition with low resolution, followed by image enhancement to provide clinically useful images. PURPOSE: To combine phase-encoding undersampling with super-resolution neural networks to achieve high-resolution fetal cine cardiac MR images with short acquisition time. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight fetuses (gestational week 36 [interquartile range 33-38 weeks]). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5 T, balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cine sequence. ASSESSMENT: Images were acquired using fully sampled Doppler ultrasound-gated clinical bSSFP cine as reference, with equivalent cine sequences with decreased phase-encoding resolution (25%, 33%, and 50% of clinical standard). Two super-resolution methods based on convolutional neural networks were proposed and evaluated (phasrGAN and phasrresnet). Data were partitioned into training (36 cine slices), validation (3 cine slices), and test sets (67 cine slices) without overlap. Conventional reconstruction methods using bicubic interpolation and k-space zeropadding were used for comparison. Three blinded observers scored image quality between 1 and 10. STATISTICAL TESTS: Image scores are reported as median [interquartile range] and were compared using Mann-Whitney's nonparametric test with P < 0....