A nomogram‑based immunoprofile predicts clinical outcomes for stage II and III human colorectal cancer

作者：Lingxiong Wang, Nijia Chang, Liangliang Wu, Jinfeng Li, Lijun Zhang, Yin Chen, Zhou Zhou, Jianqing Hao, Qiong Wang, Shunchang Jiao · 发表于：Molecular and Clinical Oncology · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.3892/mco.2021.2419 · 被引用次数：23 · 研究领域：Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Immune cells in cancer、Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies

An immunoscore for colorectal cancer (CRC) has higher prognostic significance than the TNM staging system. However, the tumor immune microenvironment contains various components that affect clinical prognosis. Therefore, a broader range of immune markers is required to establish an accurate immunoprofile to assess the prognosis of patients with CRC. Using immunohistochemistry combined with multispectral immunohistochemistry and objective assessments, the infiltration of four immune cell types (CD4 + /CD8 + /forkhead box p3 + /CD33 + cells), as well as the expression of six co‑signaling molecules [programmed cell death 1 (PD1) ligand 1/PD1/T‑cell immunoglobulin mucin family member 3/lymphocyte‑activating 3/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4/inducible T‑cell costimulator] and indoleamine 2,3‑dioxygenase 1 were investigated in two independent cohorts of CRC. The patients' overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan‑Meier method. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, independent prognostic factors of patients were assessed and a nomogram‑based immunoprofile system was developed. The predictive ability of the nomogram was determined using a concordance index (C‑index) and calibration curve. To facilitate clinical application, a simplified nomogram‑based immunoprofile was constructed. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the predictive accuracy for OS was compared between the immunoprofile and the TNM staging system for patients wi...