Increased activation product of complement 4 protein in plasma of individuals with schizophrenia

作者：Agnieszka Kalinowski, Joanna Liliental, Lauren Anker, Omer Linkovski, Collin Culbertson, Jacob Hall, Reenal Pattni, Chiara Sabatti, Douglas L. Noordsy, Joachim Hallmayer, Elizabeth Mellins, Jacob S. Ballon, Ruth O’Hara, Douglas F. Levinson, Alexander E. Urban · 发表于：Translational Psychiatry · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1038/s41398-021-01583-5 · 被引用次数：24 · 研究领域：Complement system in diseases、Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms、Blood groups and transfusion

Structural variation in the complement 4 gene (C4) confers genetic risk for schizophrenia. The variation includes numbers of the increased C4A copy number, which predicts increased C4A mRNA expression. C4-anaphylatoxin (C4-ana) is a C4 protein fragment released upon C4 protein activation that has the potential to change the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We hypothesized that elevated plasma levels of C4-ana occur in individuals with schizophrenia (iSCZ). Blood was collected from 15 iSCZ with illness duration < 5 years and from 14 healthy controls (HC). Plasma C4-ana was measured by radioimmunoassay. Other complement activation products C3-ana, C5-ana, and terminal complement complex (TCC) were also measured. Digital-droplet PCR was used to determine C4 gene structural variation state. Recombinant C4-ana was added to primary brain endothelial cells (BEC) and permeability was measured in vitro. C4-ana concentration was elevated in plasma from iSCZ compared to HC (mean = 654 ± 16 ng/mL, 557 ± 94 respectively, p = 0.01). The patients also carried more copies of the C4AL gene and demonstrated a positive correlation between plasma C4-ana concentrations and C4A gene copy number. Furthermore, C4-ana increased the permeability of a monolayer of BEC in vitro. Our findings are consistent with a specific role for C4A protein in schizophrenia and raise the possibility that its activation product, C4-ana, increases BBB permeability. Exploratory analyses suggest the novel hypothesis that the re...