Regulatory roles of extracellular vesicles in immune responses againstMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection

作者：Zhi Yan, Hua Wang, Lan Mu, Zhide Hu, Wen‐Qi Zheng · 发表于：World Journal of Clinical Cases · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7311 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Extracellular vesicles in disease、Bacterial Infections and Vaccines、Amoebic Infections and Treatments

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cystic vesicles naturally released by most mammalian cells and bacteria. EV contents include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can act as messengers to transmit a variety of molecules to recipient cells and thus play important regulatory roles in intercellular signal transduction. EVs, released by either a host cell or a pathogen, can carry pathogen-associated antigens and thus act as modulators of immune responses. EVs derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells can regulate the innate immune response through various pathways, such as regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EVs can mediate antigen presentation and regulate the adaptive immune response by transmitting immunoregulatory molecules to T helper cells. In this review, we summarize the regulatory roles of EVs in the immune response against Mtb.