Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota

作者：Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura, Yanpeng Chen, Hiran A. Ariyawansa, Kevin D. Hyde, Danny Haelewaters, Rekhani H. Perera, Milan C. Samarakoon, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Danilo E. Bustamante, Jian‐Kui Liu, Daniel P. Lawrence, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Marc Stadler · 发表于：Fungal Diversity · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1007/s13225-021-00486-6 · 被引用次数：177 · 研究领域：Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases、Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions、Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

Biodiversity loss from disturbances caused by human activities means that species are disappearing at an ever increasing rate. The high number of species that have yet to be described have generated extreme crisis to the taxonomist. Therefore, more than in any other era, effective ways to discover and delimitate species are needed. This paper reviews the historically foremost approaches used to delimit species in Ascomycota, the most speciose phylum of Fungi. These include morphological, biological, and phylogenetic species concepts. We argue that a single property to delineate species boundaries has various defects and each species concept comes with its own advantages and disadvantages. Recently the rate of species discovery has increased because of the advancement of phylogenetic approaches. However, traditional phylogenetic methods with few gene regions lack species-level resolution, and do not allow unambiguous conclusions. We detail the processes that affect gene tree heterogeneity, which acts as barriers to delimiting species boundaries in classical low-rank phylogenies. So far, limited insights were given to the DNA-based methodologies to establish well-supported boundaries among fungal species. In addition to reviewing concepts and methodologies used to delimit species, we present a case study. We applied different species delimitation methods to understand species boundaries in the plant pathogenic and cryptic genus Phyllosticta (Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales)....