Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada

作者：Jennifer D. Watts, Susan M. Natali, Christina Minions, D. A. Risk, Kyle A. Arndt, Donatella Zona, E. S. Euskirchen, Adrian V. Rocha, Oliver Sonnentag, Manuel Helbig, Aram Kalhori, Walter C. Oechel, Hiroki Ikawa, Masahito Ueyama, Rikie Suzuki, Hideki Kobayashi, Gerardo Celis, Edward A. G. Schuur, Elyn Humphreys, Yongwon Kim, Bang‐Yong Lee, S. J. Goetz, Nima Madani, Luke D. Schiferl, R. Commane, John S. Kimball, Zhihua Liu, Margaret Torn, Stefano Potter, Jonathan Wang, M. Torre Jorgenson, Jingfeng Xiao, Xing Li, Colin W. Edgar · 发表于：Environmental Research Letters · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222 · 被引用次数：78 · 研究领域：Climate change and permafrost、Cryospheric studies and observations、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

Abstract Soil respiration (i.e. from soils and roots) provides one of the largest global fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to the atmosphere and is likely to increase with warming, yet the magnitude of soil respiration from rapidly thawing Arctic-boreal regions is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we first compiled a new CO 2 flux database for permafrost-affected tundra and boreal ecosystems in Alaska and Northwest Canada. We then used the CO 2 database, multi-sensor satellite imagery, and random forest models to assess the regional magnitude of soil respiration. The flux database includes a new Soil Respiration Station network of chamber-based fluxes, and fluxes from eddy covariance towers. Our site-level data, spanning September 2016 to August 2017, revealed that the largest soil respiration emissions occurred during the summer (June–August) and that summer fluxes were higher in boreal sites (1.87 ± 0.67 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ) relative to tundra (0.94 ± 0.4 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ). We also observed considerable emissions (boreal: 0.24 ± 0.2 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ; tundra: 0.18 ± 0.16 g CO 2 –C m −2 d −1 ) from soils during the winter (November–March) despite frozen surface conditions. Our model estimates indicated an annual region-wide loss from soil respiration of 591 ± 120 Tg CO 2 –C during the 2016–2017 period. Summer months contributed to 58% of the regional soil respiration, winter months contributed to 15%, and the shoulder months contributed to 27%. In to...