European guideline on indications, performance and clinical impact of 13 C‐breath tests in adult and pediatric patients: An EAGEN, ESNM, and ESPGHAN consensus, supported by EPC

作者：Jutta Keller, Heinz Florian Hammer, Paul R. Afolabi, Marc Alexander Benninga, Osvaldo Borrelli, J. Enrique Domínguez‐Muñoz, Dan Lucian Dumitrascu, Oliver Goetze, Stephan Haas, Bruno Hauser, Daniel Pohl, Silvia Salvatore, Marc Sonyi, Nikhil Thapar, Kristin Verbeke, Mark R. Fox, European 13C‐breath test group · 发表于：United European Gastroenterology Journal · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1002/ueg2.12099 · 被引用次数：85 · 研究领域：Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies、Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments、Gastrointestinal motility and disorders

Abstract Introduction 13 C‐breath tests are valuable, noninvasive diagnostic tests that can be widely applied for the assessment of gastroenterological symptoms and diseases. Currently, the potential of these tests is compromised by a lack of standardization regarding performance and interpretation among expert centers. Methods This consensus‐based clinical practice guideline defines the clinical indications, performance, and interpretation of 13 C‐breath tests in adult and pediatric patients. A balance between scientific evidence and clinical experience was achieved by a Delphi consensus that involved 43 experts from 18 European countries. Consensus on individual statements and recommendations was established if ≥ 80% of reviewers agreed and <10% disagreed. Results The guideline gives an overview over general methodology of 13 C‐breath testing and provides recommendations for the use of 13 C‐breath tests to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection, measure gastric emptying time, and monitor pancreatic exocrine and liver function in adult and pediatric patients. Other potential applications of 13 C‐breath testing are summarized briefly. The recommendations specifically detail when and how individual 13 C‐breath tests should be performed including examples for well‐established test protocols, patient preparation, and reporting of test results. Conclusion This clinical practice guideline should improve pan‐European harmonization of diagnostic approaches to symptoms and disorders,...