Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact

作者：Molly K. Grace, H. Reşi̇t Akçakaya, Elizabeth L. Bennett, Thomas M. Brooks, Anna Heath, S. Blair Hedges, Craig Hilton‐Taylor, Michael Hoffmann, Axel Hochkirch, Richard Jenkins, David A. Keith, Barney Long, David Mallon, Erik Meijaard, E.J. Milner‐Gulland, Jon Paul Rodrı́guez, P. J. Stephenson, Simon N. Stuart, Richard P. Young, Pablo Acebes, Joanna Alfaro‐Shigueto, Silvia Álvarez-Clare, Raphali R. Andriantsimanarilafy, Marina P. Arbetman, Claudio Azat, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Ruchi Badola, Luís Barcelos, João P. Barreiros, Sayanti Basak, Danielle J. Berger, Sabuj Bhattacharyya, Gilad Bino, Paulo A. V. Borges, Raoul K. Boughton, H. Jane Brockmann, Hannah L. Buckley, Ian J. Burfield, James Burton, Teresa Camacho‐Badani, Luis Santiago Cano, Ruth H. Carmichael, Christina Carrero, John P. Carroll, Giorgos Catsadorakis, David G. Chapple, Guillaume Chapron, Gawsia Wahidunnessa Chowdhury, Louw Claassens, Donatella Cogoni, Rochelle Constantine, Christie Craig, Andrew A. Cunningham, Nishma Dahal, Jennifer C. Daltry, Goura Chandra Das, Niladri Dasgupta, Alexandra Davey, Katharine Davies, Pedro F. Develey, Vanitha Elangovan, David V. Fairclough, Mirko Di Febbraro, Giuseppe Fenu, Fernando Moreira Fernandes, Eduardo Pinheiro Fernandez, Brittany Finucci, Rita Földesi, Catherine M. Foley, Matthew Ford, Michael R. J. Forstner, Néstor García, Ricardo García-Sandoval, Penny C. Gardner, Roberto Garibay‐Orijel, Marites Gatan‐Balbas, Irene Gauto, Mirza Ghazanfar Ullah Ghazi, Stephanie S. Godfrey, Matthew Gollock, Benito A. González, Tandora D. Grant, Thomas N. E. Gray, Andrew J. Gregory, Roy H. A. van Grunsven, Marieka Gryzenhout, Noelle C. Guernsey, Garima Gupta, Christina Hagen, Christian A. Hagen, Madison B. Hall, Eric M. Hallerman, Kelly M. Hare, Tom Hart, Ruston Hartdegen, Yvette Harvey‐Brown, Richard G. Hatfield, Tahneal Hawke, Claudia Hermes, Rod Hitchmough, P. Hoffmann, C.H. Howarth, Michael A. Hudson, Syed Ainul Hussain, Charlie Huveneers, Hélène Jacques, Dennis Jørgensen, Suyash Katdare, Lydia K.D. Katsis, Rahul Kaul, Boaz Kaunda‐Arara, Lucy W. Keith‐Diagne, Daniel Kraus, Thales Moreira de Lima, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Jean Linsky, Edward E. Louis, Anna Loy, Eimear Nic Lughadha, Jeffrey C. Mangel, Paul Marinari, Gabriel M. Martín, Gustavo Martinelli, Philip J.K. McGowan, Alistair McInnes, Eduardo Teles Barbosa Mendes, Michael J. Millard, Claire Mirande, Daniel Money, Joanne M. Monks, Carolina L. Morales, Nazia Naoreen Mumu, Raquel Negrão, Anh Ha Nguyen, Md. Nazmul Hasan Niloy, Grant Norbury, Cale Nordmeyer, Darren Norris, Mark O’Brien, Gabriela Akemi Macedo Oda, Simone Orsenigo, Mark E. Outerbridge, Stesha A. Pasachnik, Juan Carlos Pérez‐Jiménez, Charlotte Pike, Fred Pilkington, Glenn Plumb, Rita de Cássia Quitete Portela, Ana Prohaska, Manuel G. Quintana, Eddie Fanantenana Rakotondrasoa, Dustin H. Ranglack, Hassan Rankou, Ajay Prakash Rawat, James T. Reardon, Marcelo Lopes Rheingantz, Stephen C. Richter, Malin Rivers, Luke Rollie Rogers, Patrícia Rosa, Paul Rose, Emily Royer, Catherine Ryan, Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson, Lily Salmon, Carlos Henrique Salvador, Michael J. Samways, Tatiana Sanjuán, Amanda S. Santos, Hiroshi Sasaki, Emmanuel Schütz, Heather Ann Scott, Robert Michael Scott, Fabrizio Serena, Surya Prasad Sharma, John A. Shuey, Carlos Julio Polo Silva, John P. Simaika, David R. Smith, Julia L. Y. Spaet, Shanjida Sultana, Bibhab Kumar Talukdar, Vikash Tatayah, Philip Thomas, Angela Tringali, Hoang Trinh‐Dinh, Chongpi Tuboi, Aftab Alam Usmani, Aída M. Vasco‐Palacios, Jean‐Christophe Vié, Evelyn Virens, Alan Walker, Bryan P. Wallace, Lauren J. Waller, Hongfeng Wang, Oliver R. Wearn, M. van Weerd, Simon Weigmann, Daniel Willcox, John C. Z. Woinarski, Jean Wan Hong Yong, Stuart Young · 发表于：Conservation Biology · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1111/cobi.13756 · 被引用次数：110 · 研究领域：Environmental Conservation and Management、Species Distribution and Climate Change、Economic and Environmental Valuation

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species' viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species' recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. Th...