Understanding Facial Muscle Aging: A Surface Electromyography Study

作者：Sebastian Cotofana, Shirin Assemi-Kabir, Samir Mardini, Riccardo E. Giunta, Robert H. Gotkin, Nicholas Moellhoff, Luiz Eduardo Toledo Avelar, Arnaldo Mercado‐Perez, Z. Paul Lorenc, Konstantin Frank · 发表于：Aesthetic Surgery Journal · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1093/asj/sjab202 · 被引用次数：43 · 研究领域：Facial Nerve Paralysis Treatment and Research、Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques、Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

BACKGROUND: Facial aging is a multifactorial process that involves all tissues of the face, including skin, muscles, fat, ligaments, and bone. Whereas robust evidence is available for age-related changes of bone and facial fat, the influence of age on facial muscle activity is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the motor unit action potential of facial muscles by utilizing surface-derived, noninvasive electromyography in young and old healthy volunteers. METHODS: The study investigated a total of 32 healthy volunteers with a mean [standard deviation] age of 42.6 [19.6] years (range, 21-82 years) and a mean BMI of 23.9 [2.7] kg/m2 (range, 18.5-29.7 kg/m2) by performing surface-derived, noninvasive facial electromyography. Nine facial muscles were investigated bilaterally, resulting in a total of 1632 measurements of the signal, baseline noise, and signal-to-noise ratio of these muscles. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that age does not significantly influence the signal (P = 0.234), the baseline noise (P = 0.225), or the signal-to-noise ratio (P = 0.432) of younger individuals (<30 years) vs older individuals (>50 years) in a gender- and BMI-matched statistical model. Exceptions were the zygomaticus major muscle (reduced activity), procerus muscle (increased activity), and corrugator supercilii muscle (increased activity). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this facial electromyography study may help to increase the understanding ...