Calibration of the air shower energy scale of the water and air Cherenkov techniques in the LHAASO experiment

作者：F. Aharonian, Q. An, Axikegu, Lixin Bai, Yucen Bai, Yiwang Bao, D. Bastieri, Xiao-Jun Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Z. Cao, Zhe Cao, Jin Chang, J. F. Chang, B. M. Chen, E. S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, Mingjun Chen, Mingliang Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Yong Chen, Ning Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, Xiaohong Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Danzengluobu Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D′Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Dong, K. K. Duan, J. H. Fan, Yichen Fan, Z. X. Fan, Jun Fang, Kai Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, Bin Gao, Chuyue Gao, L. Q. Gao, Qing Gao, Wei Gao, M. M. Ge, Li‐Sheng Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, Fulai Guo, J. G. Guo, Xueling Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, Han He, Hao-Ning He, Junjiang He, S. L. He, Xinyu He, Yu He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, Chenwei Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. Huang, Wenhao Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Zhongjie Huang, Feng Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, Chuncheng JIN, T. Ke, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, Bingliang Li, Cong Li, Cheng Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, Ke Li, W.L Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, X. R. Li, Yujie Li, Yunyun Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Shangrong Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, Jing Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, Jifeng Liu, M. Y. Liu, Ruo-Yu Liu, Siming Liu, Wei Liu, Yun‐Lin Liu, Yanni Liu, Zhaoyi Liu, W. J. Long, Rui Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q., L. L. Ma, X. H., J. R. Mao, A. Masood, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, Bingyan Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Qi, Yuning Qi, B. Q. Qiao, J. J. Qin, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, Jian Shi, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Yang Su, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Zhihao Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, Haigang Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, Lu‐Yang Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, Xiaojun Wang, X. Wang, Yuwei Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y.J Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Zhen Wang, Zheng Wang, D. M. Wei, Jun-Jie Wei, Yong Wei, Tao Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, Xue-Feng Wu, S. Q. Xi, Jun Xia, Junji Xia, G. M. Xiang, D. X. Xiao, G. Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xin, Yi Xing, D. L. Xu, Renxin Xu, Likun Xue, Dahai Yan, Jing‐Zhi Yan, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, Junyou Yang, Lili Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yang, Yuhua Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Zhanping You, Yi Yu, Q. Yuan, Houdun Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Zhaoliang Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H.M. Zhang, Hengying Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, Lu Zhang, Li Zhang, L. X. Zhang, P.F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, Shoushan Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, Yong Zhang, Yongqiang Zhang, Bowen Zhao, J. Zhao, Lei Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, Bo Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, Ping Zhou, R. Zhou, Xiaojuan Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, Haifeng Zhu, K. J. Zhu, Xiaobing Zuo · 发表于：Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1103/physrevd.104.062007 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena、Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena、Neutrino Physics Research

The Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) and the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) of LHAASO are designed to work in combination for measuring the energy spectra of the cosmic ray species over a very wide energy range from a few TeV to 10 PeV. The energy calibration can be achieved with a proven technique of measuring the westward shift of the Moon shadow cast by galactic cosmic rays due to the geomagnetic field. This deflection angle $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ is inversely proportional to the cosmic ray rigidity. The precise measurement of the shifts by WCDA allows us to calibrate its energy scale for energies as high as 35 TeV. Through a set of commonly triggered events, the energy scales can be propagated to WFCTA. The energies of the events can be derived both by WCDA-1 and WFCTA with the median energies $23.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ and ($21.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$), respectively, which are consistent within uncertainties. In addition, the propagation of the energy scale is also validated by the Moon shadow based on the same data selection criteria of the commonly triggered events. This paper reports, for the first time, an observational measurement of the absolute energy scale of the primary cosmic rays generating showers observed by air Cherenkov telescopes.