Adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity in changing environments: Implications for sexual species with different life history strategies

作者：Daniel Romero‐Mujalli, Markus Rochow, Sandra Kahl, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Remco Folkertsma, Florian Jeltsch, Ralph Tiedemann · 发表于：Ecology and Evolution · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1002/ece3.7485 · 被引用次数：18 · 研究领域：Animal Behavior and Reproduction、Evolution and Genetic Dynamics、Species Distribution and Climate Change

Populations adapt to novel environmental conditions by genetic changes or phenotypic plasticity. Plastic responses are generally faster and can buffer fitness losses under variable conditions. Plasticity is typically modeled as random noise and linear reaction norms that assume simple one-to-one genotype-phenotype maps and no limits to the phenotypic response. Most studies on plasticity have focused on its effect on population viability. However, it is not clear, whether the advantage of plasticity depends solely on environmental fluctuations or also on the genetic and demographic properties (life histories) of populations. Here we present an individual-based model and study the relative importance of adaptive and nonadaptive plasticity for populations of sexual species with different life histories experiencing directional stochastic climate change. Environmental fluctuations were simulated using differentially autocorrelated climatic stochasticity or noise color, and scenarios of directional climate change. Nonadaptive plasticity was simulated as a random environmental effect on trait development, while adaptive plasticity as a linear, saturating, or sinusoidal reaction norm. The last two imposed limits to the plastic response and emphasized flexible interactions of the genotype with the environment. Interestingly, this assumption led to (a) smaller phenotypic than genotypic variance in the population (many-to-one genotype-phenotype map) and the coexistence of polymorphisms...