Polyimide Aerogel Fibers with Superior Flame Resistance, Strength, Hydrophobicity, and Flexibility Made via a Universal Sol–Gel Confined Transition Strategy

作者：Xin Li, Guoqing Dong, Zengwei Liu, Xuetong Zhang · 发表于：ACS Nano · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1021/acsnano.0c09391 · 被引用次数：265 · 研究领域：Aerogels and thermal insulation、Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity、Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials

Aerogel fibers with ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, and ultralow density have shown increasing interest due to being considered as the next generation thermal insulation fibers. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate arbitrary aerogel fibers via the traditional wet-spinning approach due to the obvious conflict between the static sol–gel transition of the aerogel bulks and the dynamic wet-spinning process of aerogel fibers. Herein, a sol–gel confined transition (SGCT) strategy was developed for fabricating various mesoporous aerogel fibers, in which the aerogel precursor solution was first driven by the surface tension into the capillary tubes, then the gel fibers were easily formed in the confined space after static sol–gel process, and finally the mesoporous aerogel fibers were obtained via the supercritical CO 2 drying process. As a typical case, the polyimide (PI) aerogel fiber prepared via the SGCT approach has exhibited a large specific surface area (up to 364 m 2 /g), outstanding mechanical property (with elastic modulus of 123 MPa), superior hydrophobicity (with contact angle of 153°), and excellent flexibility (with curvature radius of 200 μm). Therefore, the aerogel woven fabric made from PI aerogel fibers has possessed an excellent thermal insulation performance in a wide temperature window, even under the harsh environment. Besides, arbitrary kinds of aerogel fibers, including organic aerogel fibers, inorganic aerogel fibers, and organ...