Microbial Interactions Drive the Complete Catabolism of the Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole in Activated Sludge Microbiomes

作者：Mengyuan Qi, Bin Liang, Long Zhang, Xiaodan Ma, Lei Yan, Wenchen Dong, Deyong Kong, Liying Zhang, Hai-Zhen Zhu, Shu-Hong Gao, Jiandong Jiang, Shuang‐Jiang Liu, Philippe F.-X. Corvini, Aijie Wang · 发表于：Environmental Science & Technology · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1021/acs.est.0c06687 · 被引用次数：177 · 研究领域：Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts、Gut microbiota and health、Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Microbial communities are believed to outperform monocultures in the complete catabolism of organic pollutants via reduced metabolic burden and increased robustness to environmental challenges; however, the interaction mechanism in functional microbiomes remains poorly understood. Here, three functionally differentiated activated sludge microbiomes (S1: complete catabolism of sulfamethoxazole (SMX); S2: complete catabolism of the phenyl part of SMX ([phenyl]-SMX) with stable accumulation of its heterocyclic product 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (3A5MI); A: complete catabolism of 3A5MI rather than [phenyl]-SMX) were enriched. Combining time-series cultivation-independent microbial community analysis, DNA-stable isotope probing, molecular ecological network analysis, and cultivation-dependent function verification, we identified key players involved in the SMX degradation process. Paenarthrobacter and Nocardioides were primary degraders for the initial cleavage of the sulfonamide functional group (−C–S–N– bond) and 3A5MI degradation, respectively. Complete catabolism of SMX was achieved by their cross-feeding. The co-culture of Nocardioides, Acidovorax, and Sphingobium demonstrated that the nondegraders Acidovorax and Sphingobium were involved in the enhancement of 3A5MI degradation. Moreover, we unraveled the internal labor division patterns and connections among the active members centered on the two primary degraders. Overall, the proposed methodology is promisingly applicable a...