Probability of occurrence and phenology of pine wilt disease transmission by insect vectors in the Rocky Mountains

作者：David H. Atkins, Thomas S. Davis, Jane E. Stewart · 发表于：Ecological Solutions and Evidence · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1002/2688-8319.12044 · 被引用次数：16 · 研究领域：Forest Insect Ecology and Management、Insect-Plant Interactions and Control、Nematode management and characterization studies

Abstract 1. Pine wilt disease, caused by pinewood nematode ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ; abbreviated ‘PWN’), is a damaging and globally distributed insect‐vectored forest pathogen. Native forest tree mortality associated with PWN is newly reported from the Front Range of Colorado, but there is no regional information on PWN frequency or biology of local insect vectors, limiting management options. 2. A sampling array was established to survey PWN in native pines ( Pinus ponderosa ) and longhorn beetles ( Monochamus clamator and M. scutellatus ) over 2 years and across natural and urban forest landscapes. We developed flight phenology models and evaluated effects of landscape factors on vector abundance and probability of infection. 3. Flight phenology was similar for vectors; Monochamus flight initiated in mid‐July and continued into October for both species. We report the first M. clamator –PWN association in the United States. PWN was distributed in the region at rates lower than reported from its putative native range: 3.6 and 4.2% of sampled pines and beetles, respectively, tested positive for PWN. Many host trees were outwardly asymptomatic; infection frequency in tree populations varied considerably and four epicentres of vector infectivity were identified. 4. Epicentres varied in timing of anomalous infective vector frequency – some epicentres had high abundances of infected beetles early in the growing season whereas others had high abundances of infected beetles lat...