Why do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker than Others?

作者：Robert E. Hall, C. I. Jones · 发表于：The Quarterly Journal of Economics · 年份：1999 · DOI：10.1162/003355399555954 · 被引用次数：8024 · 研究领域：Economic Growth and Productivity、Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth、Economic Policies and Impacts

Output per worker varies enormously across countries. Why? On an accounting basis our analysis shows that differences in physical capital and educational attainment can only partially explain the variation in output per worker—we find a large amount of variation in the level of the Solow residual across countries. At a deeper level, we document that the differences in capital accumulation, productivity, and therefore output per worker are driven by differences in institutions and government policies, which we call social infrastructure. We treat social infrastructure as endogenous, determined historically by location and other factors captured in part by language.