Two-photon small-molecule fluorescence-based agents for sensing, imaging, and therapy within biological systems

作者：Luling Wu, Jihong Liu, Ping Li, Bo Tang, Tony D. James · 发表于：Chemical Society Reviews · 年份：2021 · DOI：10.1039/d0cs00861c · 被引用次数：352 · 研究领域：Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection、Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials、Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry

In this tutorial review, we will explore recent advances for the design, construction and application of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF)-based small-molecule probes. The advantages of TPEF-based probes include deep tissue penetration and minimal photo-damage. We discuss the underlying two-photon (TP) fluorophores including hemicyanine and design strategies such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Moreover, we emphasize applications for the detection or imaging of cations, anions, small neutral molecules, biomacromolecules, cellular microenvironments, subcellular localization and dual-responsive systems. Examples of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using TP irradiation are also illustrated.