SARS-CoV-2 infection and the antiviral innate immune response

作者：Hui Yang, Yingying Lyu, Fajian Hou · 发表于：Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1093/jmcb/mjaa071 · 被引用次数：22 · 研究领域：SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research、COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies、Long-Term Effects of COVID-19

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak began in December 2019, causing the illness known as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus spread rapidly worldwide to become a global public health emergency. As of November 15, 2020, more than 53 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide have been reported (World Health Organization, 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 genome was sequenced and studies are ongoing to further understand the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, etiological structure, cellular receptor angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE2), and intracellular replication process of the virus. Currently, thousands of clinical trials related to SARS-CoV-2 are underway (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). However, no vaccines or drugs have yet been approved, until very recently, for direct treatment or prevention of COVID-19 and only supportive treatment has been applied clinically. This review will discuss the possible mechanism of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide insight into the development of related therapeutics. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family, which is a group of enveloped, non-segmented, and positive-stranded RNA viruses with genomes of ∼30 kilobases (Bar-On et al., 2020). The Coronaviridae family includes many viruses that infect wild animals, six of which also infect humans. Infection by some of these coronaviruses causes only mild respiratory symptoms in humans. Howe...