Structural Perspectives of Beak and Feather Disease Virus and Porcine Circovirus Proteins

作者：Babu Kanti Nath, Shubhagata Das, Justin A. Roby, Subir Sarker, Daniel Luque, Shane Robert Raidal, Jade Kenneth Forwood · 发表于：Viral Immunology · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1089/vim.2020.0097 · 被引用次数：26 · 研究领域：Animal Virus Infections Studies、Plant Virus Research Studies、Virus-based gene therapy research

Circoviruses represent a rapidly expanding group of viruses that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Members are responsible for diseases of veterinary and economic importance, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs, and beak and feather disease (BFD) in birds. These viruses are associated with lymphoid depletion and immunosuppressive conditions in infected animals leading to systemic illness. Circoviruses are small nonenveloped DNA viruses containing a single-stranded circular genome, encoding two major proteins: the capsid-associated protein (Cap), comprising the entirety of the viral capsid, and the replication-associated protein (Rep). Cap is the only protein component of the virion and plays crucial roles throughout the virus replication cycle, including viral attachment, cell entry, genome uncoating, and packaging of newly formed viral particles. Rep mediates recognition of replication origin motifs in the viral genome sequence and is responsible for endonuclease activity enabling nicking of the circular DNA and initiation of rolling-circle replication (RCR). Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was the first circovirus capsid structure to be solved at atomic resolution using X-ray crystallography. The structure revealed an assembly comprising 60 monomeric subunits to form virus-like particles. Each Cap monomer harbors a canonical viral jelly roll domain composed of two, four-stranded antiparallel β -sheets. Crystal structures of two distinct mac...