β-glucan attenuates cognitive impairment via the gut-brain axis in diet-induced obese mice

作者：Hongli Shi, Yinghua Yu, Danhong Lin, Peng Zheng, Peng Zhang, Minmin Hu, Qiao Wang, Wei Pan, Xiaoying Yang, Tao Hu, Qianqian Li, Renxian Tang, Feng Zhou, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu‐Feng Huang · 发表于：Microbiome · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1186/s40168-020-00920-y · 被引用次数：285 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Food composition and properties、Gastrointestinal motility and disorders

BACKGROUND: "Western" style dietary patterns are characterized by a high proportion of highly processed foods rich in fat and low in fiber. This diet pattern is associated with a myriad of metabolic dysfunctions, including neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. β-glucan, the major soluble fiber in oat and barley grains, is fermented in the lower gastrointestinal tract, potentially impacting the microbial ecosystem and thus may improve elements of cognition and brain function via the gut-brain axis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of β-glucan on the microbiota gut-brain axis and cognitive function in an obese mouse model induced by a high-fat and fiber-deficient diet (HFFD). RESULTS: After long-term supplementation for 15 weeks, β-glucan prevented HFFD-induced cognitive impairment assessed behaviorally by object location, novel object recognition, and nesting building tests. In the hippocampus, β-glucan countered the HFFD-induced microglia activation and its engulfment of synaptic puncta, and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) mRNA expression. Also, in the hippocampus, β-glucan significantly promoted PTP1B-IRS-pAKT-pGSK3β-pTau signaling for synaptogenesis, improved the synaptic ultrastructure examined by transmission electron microscopy, and increased both pre- and postsynaptic protein levels compared to the HFFD-treated group. In the colon, β-glucan reversed HFFD-induced gut barrier dysfunction increased the thickness of colo...