Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks for Cancer Immunotherapy

作者：Kaiyuan Ni, Taokun Luo, Geoffrey T. Nash, Wenbin Lin · 发表于：Accounts of Chemical Research · 年份：2020 · DOI：10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00313 · 被引用次数：216 · 研究领域：Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics、Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Conspectus Cancer immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI), has revolutionized the treatment of some cancers by reactivating the antitumor immunity of hosts with durable response and manageable toxicity. However, many cancer patients with low tumor antigen exposure and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments do not respond to CBI. A variety of methods have been investigated to reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and turn “cold” tumors “hot” with the goal of extending the therapeutic benefits of CBI to a broader population of cancer patients. Immunostimulatory adjuvant treatments, such as cancer vaccines, photodynamic therapy (PDT), radiotherapy (RT), radiotherapy–radiodynamic therapy (RT-RDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), promote antigen presentation and T cell priming and, when used in combination with CBI, reactivate and sustain systemic antitumor immunity. Cancer vaccines directly provide tumor antigens, while immunoadjuvant therapies such as PDT, RT, RT-RDT, and CDT kill cancer cells in an immunogenic fashion to release tumor antigens in situ. Direct administration of tumor antigens or indirect intratumoral immunoadjuvant therapies as in situ cancer vaccines initiate the immuno-oncology cycle for antitumor immune response. With the rapid growth of cancer nanotechnology in the past two decades, a large number of nanoparticle platforms have been studied, and some nanomedicines have been translated into clinical trials. Nanomedic...